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These include fetal and neonatal death, congenital malformations and neurological effects and are associated with moderate to severe maternal toxicity. Several adverse outcomes have been reported following acute exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide during pregnancy. Epidemiological studies have linked rises in ambient air carbon monoxide and cardiovascular endpoints. Neurophysiological symptoms including anxiety, psychomotor dysfunction, loss of balance and changes in sleep, memory, vision and smell have also been reported. Like acute poisoning, chronic carbon monoxide exposure can result in non-specific symptoms (headache, lethargy, syncope, nausea and flu-like symptoms), which may be misdiagnosed. No significant adverse health effects have been reliably demonstrated in the literature where carbon monoxide exposure resulted in carboxyhaemoglobin levels of below 6% in healthy individuals.Ī carboxyhaemoglobin level of 30% indicates severe exposure, however significant poisoning effects cannot be excluded at lower concentrations. Following an acute exposure, neuropsychiatric features may develop in some individuals these have been observed up to 40 days after initial exposure.īlood carboxyhaemoglobin levels are not a reliable indicator of poisoning severity or clinical outcome. The cardiovascular system and the central nervous system ( CNS) are the most sensitive target organs for carbon monoxide toxicity. Severe symptoms include confusion, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, loss of consciousness and death. The most common symptoms following acute exposure are headache, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, alteration in consciousness and subjective weakness. The signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide exposure are often non-specific, therefore poisoning can be difficult to diagnose. Health effects of chronic exposureĬhronic exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide may lead to lethargy, headaches, nausea, flu-like symptoms and neuropsychological and cardiovascular issues.Īdverse outcomes including fetal and neonatal death, congenital malformations and neurological effects have been reported following acute exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide during pregnancy. Long-term neurological effects may occur following an acute exposure, including cognitive and behavioural changes. Symptoms of severe poisoning include confusion, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, loss of consciousness and death. The most common symptoms following acute exposure are headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, alteration in consciousness and subjective weakness. Once exposure has ceased, oxygen competes with carbon monoxide to bind with haemoglobin the displaced carbon monoxide is predominantly eliminated unchanged via the lungs Health effects of acute exposure When bound, it reduces the rate at which oxygen is delivered to the tissues, thereby causing hypoxia. Following inhalation, carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin.
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